1. Izidingo eziyisisekelo zabasiki bokugaya ukusika ezinye izinto
(1) Ukuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka: Ngaphansi kokushisa okujwayelekile, ingxenye yokusika yezinto ezibonakalayo kufanele ibe nobunzima obanele bokusika ku-workpiece;ngokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, ithuluzi ngeke ligqoke futhi landise impilo yesevisi.
(2) Ukumelana nokushisa okuhle: Ithuluzi lizokhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusika, ikakhulukazi lapho isivinini sokusika siphezulu, izinga lokushisa lizoba phezulu kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, impahla yamathuluzi kufanele ibe nokumelana nokushisa okuhle, ngisho namazinga okushisa aphezulu.Isengakwazi ukugcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu futhi ingaqhubeka nokusika.Lesi sakhiwo sokuqina kokushisa okuphezulu kubizwa nangokuthi ukuqina okushisayo noma ukuqina okubomvu.
(3) Amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina okuhle: Phakathi nenqubo yokusika, ithuluzi kufanele limelane nomthelela omkhulu, ngakho-ke impahla yamathuluzi kufanele ibe namandla aphezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kulula ukuphuka nokulimala.Ngenxa yokuthi i-milling cutter ingaphansi komthelela nokudlidliza, into yokusika ukugaya kufanele futhi ibe nokuqina okuhle ukuze kungabi lula ukuyiqopha nokuqopha.
2. Izinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokusika izigayo
(1) Insimbi yamathuluzi esivinini esikhulu (okubhekiselwa kuyo njengensimbi enesivinini esikhulu, insimbi yangaphambili, njll.), ihlukaniswe ngensimbi yenjongo evamile kanye nenhloso ekhethekile yesivinini esikhulu.Inezici ezilandelayo:
a.Okuqukethwe kwezakhi ze-alloying i-tungsten, i-chromium, i-molybdenum ne-vanadium iphakeme kakhulu, futhi ubulukhuni bokucisha bungafinyelela ku-HRC62-70.Kumazinga okushisa angu-6000C aphezulu, isengakwazi ukugcina ubulukhuni obuphezulu.
b.Unqenqema lokusika lunamandla amahle nokuqina, ukumelana nokudlidliza okuqinile, futhi lungasetshenziswa ukwenza amathuluzi anejubane elijwayelekile lokusika.Ngamathuluzi omshini anokuqina okubuthakathaka, izisiki zokugaya insimbi ezinesivinini esikhulu zisengasikwa kahle
c.Ukusebenza okuhle kwenqubo, ukukhanga, ukucubungula nokulola kulula, futhi amathuluzi anomumo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nawo angakhiqizwa.
d.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezifakwe usimende ze-carbide, isenayo imibi yobulukhuni obuphansi, ubulukhuni obubomvu obumpofu kanye nokumelana nokugqoka.
(2) I-carbide enosimende: Yenziwe nge-carbide yensimbi, i-tungsten carbide, i-titanium carbide kanye ne-cobalt-based metal binder ngokusebenzisa inqubo ye-powder metallurgical.Izici zayo eziyinhloko zimi kanje:
Ingakwazi ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi isengakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kahle kokusika cishe ku-800-10000C.Lapho usika, isivinini sokusika singaba izikhathi ezingu-4-8 ngaphezu kwensimbi yesivinini esikhulu.Ubulukhuni obuphezulu ekamelweni lokushisa kanye nokumelana okuhle kokugqoka.Amandla okugoba aphansi, ukuqina komthelela akulula, futhi inkeba akulula ukuyilola.
Ama-carbides kasimende asetshenziswa ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:
① I-Tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide (YG)
Amabanga asetshenziswa kakhulu i-YG3, YG6, YG8, lapho izinombolo zikhombisa iphesenti lokuqukethwe kwe-cobalt, okuqukethwe kwe-cobalt ngaphezulu, ukuqina okungcono, umthelela owengeziwe kanye nokumelana nokudlidliza, kodwa kuzonciphisa ubulukhuni nokumelana nokugqoka.Ngakho-ke, i-alloy ifanele ukusika insimbi ensimbi nezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukusika insimbi eqinile neqinile kanye nezingxenye zensimbi ezingenasici ezinomthelela omkhulu.
② I-Titanium-cobalt cemented carbide (YT)
Amabanga asetshenziswa kakhulu yi-YT5, YT15, YT30, futhi izinombolo zikhomba iphesenti le-titanium carbide.Ngemuva kokuthi i-carbide enosimende iqukethe i-titanium carbide, ingakhuphula izinga lokushisa lokubopha lensimbi, inciphise i-coefficient yokungqubuzana, futhi ikhulise kancane ubulukhuni nokumelana nokugqoka, kodwa inciphisa amandla okugoba nokuqina futhi yenza izakhiwo zibe brittle.Ngakho-ke, ama-alloys e-Class afaneleka ukusika izingxenye zensimbi.
③ I-carbide enosimende evamile
Engeza inani elifanele le-carbide yensimbi engavamile, njenge-tantalum carbide ne-niobium carbide, kuma-alloys amabili angenhla ukuze ucwenge okusanhlamvu kwawo futhi uthuthukise izinga lokushisa lekamelo kanye nokuqina kokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, izinga lokushisa le-bonding kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation, Kungandisa ukuqina. kwe-alloy.Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lommese we-carbide osikiwe lunomsebenzi ongcono wokusika ophelele kanye nokuguquguquka.Izinhlobo zayo yilezi: YW1, YW2 kanye ne-YA6, njll., ngenxa yentengo ebiza kakhulu, isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinto ezinzima Zokucubungula, njengensimbi enamandla amakhulu, insimbi engangeni ekushiseni, insimbi engagqwali, njll.
3. Izinhlobo zokusika izigayo
(1) Ngokwempahla yengxenye yokusika yesisiki sokugaya:
a.I-high-speed steel milling cutter: Lolu hlobo lusetshenziselwa abasiki abayinkimbinkimbi.
b.Izisiki zokugaya i-Carbide: ngokuvamile ezishiselwe noma ziboshwe ngomshini emzimbeni womsiki.
(2) Ngokwenhloso yomsiki wokugaya:
a.Ama-Milling cutters okucubungula izindiza: ama-cylindrical milling cutters, ama-milling cutters, njll.
b.Ama-Milling cutters okucubungula ama-grooves (noma amatafula wesinyathelo): izigayo zokugcina, izinqamuli ze-disc milling, i-saw blade milling cutters, njll.
c.Ama-Milling cutters ezindawo ezimise okukhethekile: ukwakha ama-milling cutters, njll.
(3) Ngokwesakhiwo somsiki wokugaya
a.I-Sharp tooth cutter: Indlela yokusika izinyo ngemuva iqondile noma iphukile, kulula ukwenza nokulola, kanti unqenqema lokusika lubukhali.
b.I-Relief tooth milling cutter: umumo osikiwe we-toth back uyi-Archimedes spiral.Ngemuva kokucija, inqobo nje uma i-engeli ye-rake ingashintshile, iphrofayili yezinyo ayishintshi, elungele ukwenza abasiki be-milling.
4. Amapharamitha wejiyomethri ayinhloko kanye nemisebenzi yomsiki wokugaya
(1) Igama lengxenye ngayinye yomsiki wokugaya
① Indiza eyisisekelo: Indiza edlula kunoma iyiphi indawo kusisiki futhi iqondane nesivinini sokusika salelo phuzu
② Indiza yokusika: indiza edlula onqenqemeni kanye ne-perpendicular endizeni eyisisekelo.
③ Ubuso be-Rake: indiza lapho ama-chips ephuma khona.
④ I-Flank surface: indawo ephambene nendawo eyenziwe ngomshini
(2) I-engeli yejiyomethri eyinhloko kanye nomsebenzi wokusika isigayo esiyicylindrical
① I-engeli ye-Rake γ0: I-engeli efakiwe phakathi kobuso bereki nendawo ephansi.Umsebenzi ukwenza unqenqema lokusika lubukhali, ukunciphisa ukuwohloka kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokusika, nokukhipha kalula ama-chips, ngaleyo ndlela wonge umsebenzi ekusikeni.
② I-engeli yokukhulula α0: I-engeli efakiwe phakathi kwendawo yeflank kanye nendiza yokusika.Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kobuso be-flank kanye nendiza yokusika futhi unciphise ukuqina kwendawo yokusebenza.
③ I-engeli e-Swivel 0: I-engeli ephakathi kwe-tangent ku-helical tooth blade kanye ne-eksisi yesisiki sokugaya.Umsebenzi ukwenza amazinyo okusika kancane kancane angene futhi asuke ku-workpiece, futhi athuthukise ukuzinza kokusika.Ngasikhathi sinye, kubasiki be-cylindrical milling, kubuye kube nomthelela wokwenza ama-chips aphume kahle ukusuka ekugcineni kobuso.
(3) I-engeli yejiyomethri eyinhloko kanye nomsebenzi womshini wokugaya
Umshini wokugaya unomkhawulo owodwa wokusika wesibili, ngakho-ke ngaphezu kwe-rake angle kanye ne-engeli yokusiza, kukhona:
① I-engeli yokungena Kr: I-engeli efakiwe phakathi komphetho oyinhloko wokusika nendawo esebenza ngomshini.Ushintsho luthinta ubude bonqenqema oluyinhloko lokubamba iqhaza ekusikeni, futhi lushintsha ububanzi nokuqina kwe-chip.
② I-engeli yesibili yokuchezuka Krˊ: I-engeli efakiwe phakathi komkhawulo wokusika wesibili nendawo ewumshini.Umsebenzi ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi komkhawulo wokusika wesibili kanye nendawo esebenza ngomshini, futhi kuthinte umphumela wokunquma we-secondary cut edge endaweni esebenza ngomshini.
③ Ukuthambekela kwe-blade λs: I-engeli efakiwe phakathi konqenqema oluyinhloko nendawo ephansi.Ikakhulukazi indima yokusika i-oblique blade.
5. Ukwakha umsiki
I-milling cutter eyakhayo iyisisiki esikhethekile sokugaya esisetshenziselwa ukucubungula indawo eyakhayo.Iphrofayili yayo ye-blade idinga ukuklanywa futhi ibalwe ngokuya ngephrofayili yesiqeshana sokusebenza okufanele sicutshungulwe.Ingakwazi ukucubungula izindawo ezimise okuyinkimbinkimbi emshinini wokugaya wenjongo evamile, iqinisekise ukuthi umumo uyafana, futhi ukusebenza kahle kuphezulu., Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni i-batch nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi.
(1) Abakha abasiki bokugaya bangahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: amazinyo acijile namazinyo okusiza
Ukugaya nokugaywa kabusha kwezinyo elibukhali okwenza umsiki wokugaya kudinga inkosi ekhethekile, okunzima ukuyikhiqiza nokulola.Izinyo ngemuva komsiki wokugaya izinyo lefosholo lenziwa ngefosholo nefosholo ukugaya ngezinyo lefosholo.Ubuso bereki kuphela obulolwa ngesikhathi sokugaya kabusha.Ngenxa yokuthi ubuso beraki buyisicaba, kulula ukubulola.Njengamanje, i-milling cutter eyenza ikakhulukazi isebenzisa ifosholo Isakhiwo sangemuva sezinyo.Izinyo elingemuva kwezinyo lokukhulula kufanele lihlangabezane nemibandela emibili: ①Umumo wonqenqema lokusika uhlala ungashintshile ngemva kokuphinda ugaye;②Thola i-engeli yokusiza edingekayo.
(2) Ijika elingemuva lezinyo kanye nezibalo
Ingxenye yokugcina encikene ne-axis ye-milling cutter yenziwa nganoma iyiphi indawo enqenqemeni yokusika yesisiki sokugaya.Umugqa wokuphambana phakathi kwawo nendawo engemuva yezinyo ubizwa ngokuthi ijika elingemuva lezinyo le-milling cutter.
Ijika lezinyo elingemuva kufanele ngokuyinhloko lihlangabezane nezimo ezimbili: eyodwa ukuthi i-engeli yokusiza ye-milling cutter ngemva kokugaya ngakunye ngokuyisisekelo ayishintshile;enye ukuthi kulula ukuyikhiqiza.
Okuwukuphela kwejika elingakwazi ukwanelisa i-engeli yokungena engaguquki i-logarithmic spiral, kodwa kunzima ukuyikhiqiza.I-Archimedes spiral ingakwazi ukwanelisa imfuneko yokuthi i-engeli yokususa empeleni ayishintshile, futhi kulula ukuyikhiqiza futhi kulula ukuyibona.Ngakho-ke, i-Archimedes spiral isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni njengephrofayili yejika lezinyo elingemuva le-milling cutter.
Kusukela olwazini lwejiyomethri, i-vector radius ρ value yephuzu ngalinye ku-Archimedes spiral iyanyuka noma yehla ngokulinganayo ngokunyuka noma ukuncipha kwe-engeli yokujika θ ye-vector radius.
Ngakho-ke, inqobo nje uma inhlanganisela yokunyakaza okuzungezayo kwesivinini esingaguquki kanye nokunyakaza komugqa wesivinini esingaguquki endaweni eyirediyasi, kungatholwa i-Archimedes spiral.
Kuvezwe ngezixhumanisi ze-polar: uma θ=00, ρ=R, (R iyiradiyasi yesisiki sokugaya), lapho θ>00, ρ
Isibalo esijwayelekile ngemuva kwesisiki sokugaya sithi: ρ=R-CQ
Ngokucabangela ukuthi i-blade ayihlehli, khona-ke njalo lapho umsiki wokugaya ezungeza i-engeli ephakathi kwezinyo ε=2π/z, inani lezinyo lensingo ngu-K. Ukuze uzivumelanise nalokhu, ukuphakama kwekhamera kufanele futhi kube ngu-K. Ukuze wenze i-blade ihambe ngesivinini esingaguquki, ijika lekhamera kufanele libe yi-Archimedes spiral, ngakho-ke kulula ukuyikhiqiza.Ukwengeza, ubukhulu bekhamera bunqunywa kuphela inani lokuthengiswa kwefosholo K, futhi akuhlangene nenani lamazinyo kanye ne-angle yokususa yobubanzi bokusika.Uma nje ukukhiqizwa nokuthengisa kuyalingana, ikhamera ingasetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke.Lesi futhi isizathu esenza ukuthi i-Archimedes spirals isetshenziswe kabanzi emihlane yezinyo yezinyo ezisizayo ezakha abasiki bokugaya.
Lapho irediyasi engu-R yesisiki sokugaya kanye nenani lokusika K laziwa, u-C angatholakala:
Lapho θ=2π/z, ρ=RK
Bese kuthi RK=R-2πC /z ∴ C = Kz/2π
6. I-Phenomena ezokwenzeka ngemva kokunqanyulwa komshini wokugaya
(1) Uma ubheka ukuma kwama-chips, ama-chips aba aminyene futhi axege.Njengoba izinga lokushisa lama-chips likhuphuka, umbala wama-chips uba nsomi futhi uyabhema.
(2) Ubulukhuni bobuso obucutshunguliwe bomsebenzi wokusebenza bumpofu kakhulu, futhi kukhona amachashaza akhanyayo ebusweni bomsebenzi wokusebenza anezimpawu zokuququda noma ama-ripples.
(3) Inqubo yokugaya ikhiqiza ukundindizela okubi kakhulu nomsindo ongajwayelekile.
(4) Uma ubheka ukuma konqenqema lommese, kukhona amachashaza amhlophe acwebezelayo onqenqemeni lommese.
(5) Uma usebenzisa izisiki zokugaya i-carbide ezinosimende ezingxenyeni zensimbi, inani elikhulu lenkungu yomlilo ngokuvamile lizondiza liphume.
(6) Izingxenye zensimbi ezigaywayo ezinama-speed steel milling cutters, njengokuthambisa uwoyela nokupholisa, zizokhipha intuthu eningi.
Lapho i-milling cutter idluliswa, kufanele ume futhi uhlole ukuguga kwesisiki sokugaya kusenesikhathi.Uma ukugqokwa kukuncane, ungalola unqenqema lokusika nge-oilstone bese uyisebenzisa;uma isigqoko sisinda, kufanele usilole ukuvimbela ukuguga ngokweqile kokugaya.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-23-2021